Guidelines for Authors and Manuscript Submission Requirements

The primary goal of the Kateb International Journal of Economics and Management (KIJEM) is to promote the production and exchange of knowledge in the fields of Economic and Management Sciences, specifically in Business Economics, Business Administration, and Public Administration. This is accomplished through the regular and high-quality publication of scholarly articles, facilitating research collaborations, and addressing economic issues and challenges relevant to various communities, particularly Afghanistan. The aim is to expand the frontiers of knowledge and offer evidence-based solutions for sustainable development.

To ensure an expedited review and timely publication, all interested professors and researchers submitting their work to this journal are requested to strictly adhere to the following points:

Manuscript Acceptance Criteria

• The manuscript must present original, novel research resulting from the author's or authors' independent scholarly investigations.
• The manuscript must not have been previously published in another journal, nor should it be under simultaneous review with any other publication.
• The manuscript must be prepared in full compliance with principles of research ethics.
• The manuscript must utilize credible and up-to-date scholarly sources, observe academic integrity in citing the statements and theories of others, and include precise referencing according to the journal's accepted citation style.
• The manuscript must be written in adherence to intellectual property rights and copyright regulations.
• The responsibility for the content and views expressed in the article rests solely with the author(s).
• In the case of multi-authored articles, one person must be designated as the Corresponding Author.
• The manuscript must be submitted as an MS-Word file based on the journal's official Article Template.
• The Author Commitment Form and the Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form must be completed and submitted by the Corresponding Author along with the manuscript.

Manuscript Preparation and Formatting Guidelines

• Formal Structure: The manuscript's structure must include the following sections and components: Title, Author Name(s) and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review (Theoretical and Empirical Background), Methodology, Research Findings, Discussion and Conclusion, and References.
• Author Details: Author details must include: Full Name, Academic Rank (Pohan-yar, Pohan-mal, Pohandoy, Pohan-wal, and Pohand in Afghanistan; and common international academic ranks for foreign authors), Institutional Affiliation (Name of University/Institution, Faculty, Department, City, and Country of teaching or research), Email Address, and preferably the ORCID ID for all authors.
• Affiliation Format: The sequence of author affiliations, listed beneath their names (in the national language and English), should be as follows:
• Academic Rank, Department of ............., Faculty of ............., University .............., City, Country. Email Address. Orcid ID.
• Non-Faculty Authors: For authors who are not regular academic staff members, titles such as "Student," "Master's or Doctoral Graduate," or "Visiting Lecturer" should be used, along with the specification of the field, academic level, and the institution of study or teaching.
• Master's Theses/Articles: Scientific articles by Master's students must be completed under the effective supervision of a faculty member or a doctoral graduate, whose name must be listed as the Corresponding Author.
• Thesis Extracts: In articles extracted from a student's thesis, the Supervisor/Advisor shall be considered the Corresponding Author.
• Word Count: The total length of the submitted manuscript (including all sections: English/Dari Abstract, References, etc.) must not be less than 4,000 words and not exceed 7,500 words.
• Abstract: The article must include both an English and a Dari/Farsi Abstract of approximately 200 to 250 words. This abstract must encompass the problem context, objective and motivation, methodology (methodological approach, sources/population type, sample size/sampling if applicable, data collection instruments, and data analysis method), main findings, and conclusion. (For articles written in Dari, the Title, Author Names/Affiliations, Abstract, and Keywords must also be submitted in English on a separate, separate page).
• Figures and Tables: Every figure (including graphs, charts, and other images) must have a sequential number and a caption/title. The caption/title should be centered and placed below the figure. Figures, diagrams, and tables must be editable and correctable and submitted with optimal quality.
• Mathematical Formulas: A two-column table with invisible lines should be used for presenting mathematical relationships and formulas. The equation number should be in the right column, and the corresponding equation or formula in the left column. (The use of Microsoft Equation is mandatory).
• Final Format: The manuscript must ultimately be prepared and formatted using the journal’s official Article Template following final revisions (accessible [Link to Template]).

Referencing and Citation Style

Used sources must be listed at the end of the manuscript in alphabetical order by the authors' surnames and must strictly conform to the American Psychological Association (APA) Citation Style (6th Edition).

In-Text Citation Style

All in-text citations must be parenthetical and include the author's/authors' last name(s) and the year of publication. If necessary, the page number should follow a colon. In-text references are formatted within parentheses as follows:

• (Author's Last Name, Comma, Year of Publication, Colon, Page Number).

For in-text citation of published works, use the following methods:

• One Author: (Last Name, Year). Example: (Dawoodi, 1403)
• Two Authors: (Author 1 Last Name and Author 2 Last Name, Year). Example: (Dawoodi & Abid, 1403)
• Three or More Authors: Do not use "et al." or "colleagues." All author names must be written out unless the number of authors is greater than three. Example: (Taqwa, Mansouri, & Faizi, 1403)
• Multi-Volume Source: If the source has multiple volumes, the volume number should precede the page number, separated by a forward slash, without the letter "Vol." Example: (Dawoodi, 1399: 2/15)
• Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: These must be distinguished by adding a lowercase letter (a, b, etc.) next to the year: Example: (Dawoodi, 1399a: 45) and (Dawoodi, 1399b: 32).

End-of-Text Reference List Rules

• All references must be arranged and formatted according to the APA referencing style (6th Edition). Only sources cited within the text must be included in this section.
• In the English "References" list, all Dari/Farsi/Pashto references must be translated into English, and the title of the book or journal must be specified in italics.
• The APA style must be used for formatting the details of books, articles, and other scholarly sources, such as theses/dissertations, research reports, and government statistical yearbooks.
• The full names and surnames of authors must be written out (not abbreviated). For periodicals (Dari, Pashto, or English), the order must strictly be: Journal Name (in italics), Volume, (Issue Number in parentheses): End Page-Start Page.
• The list of cited sources should be titled "فهرست منابع" in Dari and "References" in English.
• If multiple works by the same author are cited, the references must be arranged chronologically from the oldest to the newest year of publication.